Kiinan energia ja ympäristö

Monenlaista tietoa ja uutisia.

Ecoworld.com kirjoittaa 30.1.2007:

• If the Chinese wish to develop their economy to the level of the major industrialized nations, they will have to build as many power plants and water diversion projects as they possibly can, and that is exactly what they are doing. The question is just how much of this energy and water will be green, and the prognosis is daunting
• They intend to derive 15% of their energy from renewable sources by 2020, but 15% isn't very much, and within this total is hydroelectric power
• China will have to increase their energy production from 50 quadrillion BTU's per year to over 250 quads
• new renewable energy law
• requires grid operators to purchase resources from renewable energy producers
• offers financial incentives to foster renewable energy development, including discounted lending and a range of tax breaks
• wind power is tipped to have the most potential
• also plans to use other alternative energy sources as part of a drive to cut coal dependence from 73% of total generation today to 68% by 2010 and 60% by 2020
• some technology plans
• turn coal into synthetic oil
• ethanol production to create hybrid fuel
• Liu Dehua of Tsinghua University's chemical engineering department noted "By 2020, liquid bio-fuel production will be 20 million tonnes a year - comprising 15 million tonnes of ethanol and 5 million tonnes of bio-diesel."
• nuclear power generation expected to rise 400% by 2020
• Capgemini suggests China has underestimated future demand, putting its target at risk. Their report estimated an additional 280GW of electricity will be required by 2020 on top of the 950GW already planned
• The construction ministry announced pans to increase energy-efficient floor space by 2.16 billion square meters by 2010, saving 101 million tonnes of coal
• China has a total of 52 million square meters of solar energy heating panels in China representing 40% of the global total
• the International Energy Agency predicts China will account for 18% of global carbon dioxide emissions by 2025, up from 12% in 2000
  

Greenbiz.com kirjoittaa 30.1.2007 Kiinan rakentamisen energiatehokkuudesta (tehottomuudesta):

• China is home to half of the new buildings built around the globe each year
• The nation spends up to 45 percent of its total energy on building, heating and cooling structures
• The New five-year plan (2006-10) calls for energy savings of 50 percent for new buildings nationwide and up to 65 percent for buildings in four large municipalities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, and Chongqing)
• In early 2006, the government issued a design standard for energy conservation
• Building energy efficiency benefits over 20 years can be more than 10 times the original investment,says State of the World 2007: Our Urban Future
• The total bill for retrofitting 43 billion sqm (China's largest buidlings) for energy efficiency is estimated to be at least 1.5 trillion yuan (US$193 billion)
• Currently as many as 11 so-called green cities and 140 green buildings are under construction in China
• The first building in China to receive the internationally recognized Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification was the eight-story office of the Ministry of Science and Technology in Beijing, completed in 2004. As of early 2006, nine other large projects had registered or been pre-certified for LEED.
  

Worldwatch Institute kirjoittaa 26.10.2006:

• Statistics show that in 2005, a total of USD 38 billion was invested in renewable energy development worldwide. China topped the list with a commitment of US$6 billion, excluding spending on large hydropower projects.
• China could definitely find a “new path” for sustainable development, the Premier said. This new path would have to include energy from renewable resources, in which China is abundant. Two-thirds of its hydropower potential is untapped. Exploitation of wind, solar, and biomass energies has just started.
• China's renewable energy development has grown at an annual average of 25 percent over the past few years.
• China’s 61 wind-power plants claimed a total generating capacity of 1.26 million kW in 2005, up from 0.764 million kW the year before. The 1,500 or so biogas projects resulted in a combined annual capacity of 1.5 billion cubic meters. In addition, 70,000 kW of solar power facilities were operational nationwide in 2005.
• According to the State Renewable Energy Medium- and Long-Term Development Program, renewable energy is expected to account for 16 percent of China’s total energy supply by 2020, up from 7 percent in 2005. In terms of capacity, hydropower is expected to reach 300 million kW, wind power and biomass energy 30 million kW each, and solar energy 1.8 million kW by 2020. Biogas utilization would reach 44.3 billion cubic meters, solar heating 300 million cubic meters, fuel ethanol 10 million tons a year, and biodiesel 2 million tons a year.
• China’s renewable energy development is guaranteed under the nation’s first Renewable Energy Law, which came into force on January 1 of this year.
• Jiangsu Province in eastern China is particularly active in the renewable energy game.
• Shanghai, China’s leading industrial and financial city, announced a plan to build up 100 MW of offshore wind energy capacity. The metropolis hopes to raise the share of renewables in its total energy capacity to 5 percent by 2010.
  
• The capital city of Beijing, meanwhile, in its newly released infrastructure construction plan, has vowed to lift renewables’ share in its total energy consumption from the present 1 percent to 4 percent by 2010.
• The Outline of National Medium- and Long-Term (2006-2020) Program for Scientific and Technological Development, released by the government in February, designates energy as the top area needing “urgent S&T support.”
• China has pledged to stage a "green" Olympics in 2008, and the environmentally friendly games are expected to be a showcase for the nation’s embrace of renewable energy.

Los Angeles Times 9.8.2006:
Coal remains China's main source of energy, and the chief contributor to the 25 million tons of sulfur dioxide China emitted in 2005 — a 27% jump from 2000, according to government figures. The toxic gas, a major cause of breathing problems and acid rain, cost the country $60 billion in damage to buildings, crops, vegetation and human health, according to Chinese environmental officials, who announced the figures last week.

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